https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348136300
The Ocean’s Heartbeat (OH) is an inverse energy cascade that occurs through interactions between surface gravity waves and organized vortical structures in the atmosphere and the ocean. The vortical wake of spilling breaking waves can generate the inverse energy cascade even in the absence of wind and current shear. Standing waves are generated as the vortical portions of the flow modulate the generation and evolution of surface gravity waves and vice versa. Resonances occur between the standing waves and coherent structures in the ocean. Monopolar, dipolar, tripolar, and quadrupolar vortical structures (OH structures) are shed out the back of spilling breaking waves. Intense OH structures generate knots in the free-surface elevation in the wake of spilling breaking waves. OH structures surf the crests of spilling breaking waves slightly behind the whitecaps. The results of numerical simulations give credence to two conjectures: 1) OH standing waves can generate microseisms even when opposing wave groups are not present and 2) The OH inverse energy cascade is present in satellite altimetry of sea surface height measurements.